For those of you who are not sure or need a quick refresh on what a crossbow is/does then listen up. A crossbow is a range weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock that shots bolts (ammunition, similar to an arrow). The development of these weapons dates back to Ancient Greece and they played significant roles in warfare till the introduction of guns. Here is a picture to further spark your imagination.

Now that we set the mood lets get back to the topic on hand shall we. That is, Crossbows in the Medieval Era. Crossbows played an important role throughout the Medieval period. The crossbow was really the first hand-held weapon that could be used by an untrained soldier to injure or kill a knight in plate armor. The most powerful crossbows could penetrate armor and kill at 200 yards. Crossbows are easier to aim than longbows because the crossbowman doesn’t have to use a hand to hold the string back while aiming. It was easier to master then a typical bow, therefor making it ideal for unspecialized soldiers. The only downfall to this was that a crossbow took a lot longer to reload.
In the armies of Europe, mounted and unmounted crossbowmen, often mixed with javeliners and archers, occupied a central position in battle formations. Usually they engaged the enemy in offensive skirmishes before an assault of mounted knights. Crossbowmen were also valuable in counterattacks to protect their infantry. The rank of commanding officer of the crossbowmen corps was one of the highest positions in any army of this time. Along with polearm weapons made from farming equipment, the crossbow was also a weapon of choice for insurgent peasants such as the Taborites.
Based on how we praised the crossbow above you may be surprised by the following statment. Medieval crossbows were inefficient. The reason for this is that the draw length and the lathe (also called a prod) of crossbows are short. So even though a crossbow may have a great deal of stored energy when spanned, the tips of the lathe do not have enough time to reach the maximum velocity, so the amount of stored energy is not transferred fully to the bolt. It is the lathe tip velocity that determines the speed of the bolt that is loosed.

























